Fact check is the independent editorial process that checks the facts behind a story and, if necessary, debunks misinformation. It is a critical component of journalism, especially in times of widespread disinformation.
When a writer submits an annotated draft and research package, the fact checker will begin their work by reviewing each of the sourced quotes or other information in the piece. They will contact all the sources cited (including those interviewed on background or veiled) and go through all the documents, links and other consulted sources included in the research package. In some cases, it may be necessary to speak with sources again in order to get more detailed or clarifying answers.
If a fact-checker uncovers new information that contradicts the original sources, they will need to consider whether it is important enough to include in the story or if it might confuse readers. They may also need to weigh the merits of different options for framing a story, such as whether it would be more effective to reframe the claim by adding context or by focusing on a specific example or data point.
A good fact-checker will be able to explain their decisions and provide clear rationale for them. In addition, they will consider any sensitivities or accommodations needed to make their process accessible for diverse sources. This can involve things such as ensuring that the interviewing environment is appropriate, using trauma-informed techniques when talking to eyewitnesses or those who have been affected by a tragedy, and making sure that the back-up material is readily available in alternate formats such as video and audio recordings, transcripts, books and journal articles.